Transportation is severely limited due to security concerns. Before conflict, shared taxis (service) connected major towns, while microbuses served local routes. Private drivers were commonly hired for day trips. Car rentals were available in Damascus but required international license and local insurance. Road conditions varied from good highways to poor rural roads. Currently, many roads are closed or dangerous. Checkpoints are frequent. Fuel shortages are common. Navigation apps like Google Maps may not reflect current road conditions or closures.
Spring (April-May) and Autumn (September-October) offer mild temperatures (15-25°C) ideal for exploring historical sites. Spring brings wildflowers to the mountains, while autumn offers clear skies. Summer (June-August) can be extremely hot (often above 35°C) except in mountain resorts like Bloudan. Winter (November-March) brings cold temperatures and occasional snow in higher elevations, making some roads impassable. Religious festivals occur year-round but check security conditions.
Conservative Islamic customs prevail in rural areas—dress modestly (covering shoulders and knees). Remove shoes before entering homes. Greet elders first. Hospitality is important—accept offers of tea or coffee. Tipping (10%) is appreciated in restaurants. Bargaining expected in markets. Friday is the holy day—many businesses close. During Ramadan, avoid eating/drinking in public during daylight hours. Photography restrictions apply near military sites. Always ask permission before photographing people, especially women. Handshakes between genders may be avoided by conservative Muslims.
Due to ongoing conflict and security concerns, travel to Rif Dimashq is currently extremely dangerous and not recommended. Many areas remain active conflict zones or contain unexploded ordnance. Border regions are particularly hazardous. Check current travel advisories from your government before considering travel. If traveling despite warnings, avoid rural areas, stay on main roads, and travel with experienced local guides. Be aware of checkpoints and have documentation ready. Crime rates have increased due to economic conditions—avoid displaying valuables. Some areas remain under control of various armed groups. Security situations change rapidly; monitor local news constantly.
Medical facilities in Rif Dimashq are limited compared to Damascus. Major hospitals are concentrated in urban centers, with rural areas having basic clinics only. Travelers should have comprehensive travel insurance covering medical evacuation. Recommended vaccinations include hepatitis A and B, typhoid, and routine immunizations. Water should be boiled or consumed bottled. Common health concerns include gastrointestinal issues from contaminated water and food. Medical supplies may be scarce—bring prescription medications and basic medical kit. COVID-19 precautions remain important. Avoid public hospitals if possible; private clinics in Damascus offer better care.
