The Old City is best explored on foot. For longer distances, use the light rail connecting West Jerusalem to key areas like Damascus Gate. Buses (Egged and Palestinian companies) serve various routes, but schedules can be irregular. Taxis (shared or private) are common; negotiate fares beforehand or use apps like Gett. Car rentals are available but driving in Jerusalem is challenging due to traffic, parking shortages, and complex political boundaries; hiring a driver is often preferable. Note that some areas may have restricted access.
Spring (April to May) and Autumn (September to October) offer mild temperatures (15-25°C), ideal for walking and outdoor exploration, with fewer crowds than peak summer. Avoid July-August due to intense heat and high tourist numbers. Winter (December-February) can be cold and rainy but provides a unique, serene atmosphere, especially during Christmas and Hanukkah celebrations.
Dress modestly, especially at religious sites: cover shoulders and knees. Remove shoes before entering mosques. Avoid public displays of affection. Tipping is customary: 10-15% in restaurants if service charge isn't included; small change for guides and drivers. Respect Sabbath observances (Friday evening to Saturday evening for Jews, Sunday for some Christians) when many services close. Be sensitive to political and religious discussions; listen more than debate. Greet locals with 'As-salamu alaykum' (Arabic) or 'Shalom' (Hebrew).
Jerusalem is generally safe for tourists, but remain vigilant in crowded areas like the Old City markets due to pickpocketing. Avoid political demonstrations and large gatherings, especially around flashpoints such as the Old City's Damascus Gate or Sheikh Jarrah neighborhood. Be respectful at religious sites; dress modestly and follow local customs. Scams are rare but be cautious with unofficial tour guides. Check travel advisories before visiting, as tensions can escalate quickly. Use licensed taxis and agree on fares in advance.
Medical facilities in East Jerusalem, such as Makassed Hospital and Augusta Victoria Hospital, provide good care, but travel insurance covering medical evacuation is highly recommended. Tap water is generally safe in modern areas, but bottled water is advised in the Old City. No specific vaccinations are required beyond routine immunizations (MMR, Hepatitis A, Typhoid). Be prepared for extreme summer heat; stay hydrated. Pharmacies are widely available. Note that access to Israeli hospitals in West Jerusalem may involve crossing checkpoints, which can be unpredictable.
