Local buses and microbuses connect major towns but can be crowded. For remote areas, 4WD jeeps are recommended. Taxis are available in cities like Biratnagar; negotiate fares beforehand. Domestic flights operate from Biratnagar to Kathmandu and to mountain airstrips like Lukla for Everest treks. In trekking regions, travel is on foot or by domestic flight. Popular ride-hailing apps are not widely available; use local taxi stands. Renting a car with a driver is advisable for long distances.
October to November (post-monsoon) and March to April (pre-monsoon) offer clear skies, stable weather, and excellent mountain views, ideal for trekking and sightseeing. Winter (December-February) is cold, especially at high altitudes, but good for lower-elevation tours. Monsoon (June-September) brings heavy rains, landslides, and leeches, making trekking difficult but lush landscapes.
Greet with "Namaste" with palms together. Remove shoes before entering homes and temples. Dress modestly, especially in rural and religious sites; avoid revealing clothing. Use your right hand for eating and giving/receiving items. Public displays of affection are frowned upon. Tipping is appreciated but not mandatory; 10% in restaurants if service charge not included, and tip guides/porters as per trekking norms. Always ask permission before photographing people. Respect religious sites and rituals; walk clockwise around stupas and chortens.
Generally safe for tourists, but exercise normal precautions. In trekking regions, hire licensed guides/porters, stay on marked trails, and monitor weather forecasts for avalanches or storms. Petty theft can occur in crowded areas; secure valuables. Avoid political demonstrations. Road travel can be hazardous due to mountainous terrain and variable road conditions. Use registered taxi services. Solo female travelers should dress modestly and avoid isolated areas at night. Be cautious of overly friendly strangers offering unsolicited guidance or deals.
Altitude sickness is a major concern in trekking areas like Everest; proper acclimatization is essential. Carry a comprehensive first-aid kit, water purification tablets, and medications for traveler's diarrhea. Vaccinations for Hepatitis A, Typhoid, and routine vaccines are recommended. Medical facilities are basic in rural and mountain areas; serious cases require evacuation to Kathmandu. Travel insurance covering emergency helicopter rescue is strongly advised. Hospitals in Biratnagar (Province capital) offer better facilities. Mosquito-borne diseases like dengue are present in the Terai lowlands.
