Omdurman

Dress modestly, covering shoulders and knees. Women should consider wearing a headscarf.

Yes, bargaining is expected in markets like Souq Omdurman. Start at about half the asking price and negotiate politely.

Try ful medames (stewed fava beans), kisra (sorghum flatbread), and asida (a porridge-like dish). Tea with ginger or cinnamon is also popular.

Photography is generally allowed, but always ask for permission first. Avoid using flash during the spiritual rituals.

Greet with a handshake and say 'As-salamu alaykum' (peace be upon you). Men should wait for women to extend their hand first.

Eat at local restaurants, use public transport, and stay in budget guesthouses. Many cultural sites are free or low-cost.

Avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in public during daylight hours. Evening iftar meals are a great time to experience local hospitality.

Minibuses don't have fixed schedules; they leave when full. Rickshaws are good for short distances but agree on the fare beforehand.

Friday prayers are a significant weekly event. Many businesses close, and the city becomes quieter during this time.

Carry a reusable water bottle, avoid plastic bags, and support local artisans by buying handmade crafts.

Yes, most nationalities require a visa obtained in advance from a Sudanese embassy or online. On-arrival visas are rare.

Limited; Arabic is the main language. Basic English is understood in hotels and some shops. Learn a few Arabic phrases.

Sudanese Pound (SDG). Cash is king; credit cards are rarely accepted. ATMs are scarce; bring USD or EUR to exchange.

Sudan is dry; alcohol is illegal for Muslims and not available publicly. Non-Muslims may consume in private with a permit, but it's discouraged.

Yes, but avoid military, government buildings, and bridges. Ask permission before photographing people, especially women.

Tipping is not mandatory but appreciated for good service. 10-15% in restaurants if service charge not included. Small tips for guides and drivers.

Avoid public criticism of the government or religion. Do not show the soles of your feet. Do not eat, drink, or smoke in public during Ramadan.