Liria

Modest clothing is recommended, especially in rural areas. Women should avoid short skirts or sleeveless tops, and men should wear long pants.

Try 'asida,' a traditional porridge made from sorghum, often served with meat or vegetable stews. Milk and blood from cattle are also common in the Toposa diet.

Bargaining is common in local markets, but it should be done respectfully. Start with a lower offer and negotiate politely.

Always ask for permission before taking photos of people, especially elders or during cultural ceremonies. Some may decline, and their wishes should be respected.

Greetings are important. A handshake is common, but wait for the elder or woman to extend their hand first. Maintain eye contact and speak politely.

The Toposa people have rich cultural ceremonies, including dances and cattle raids (though the latter is now symbolic). Visitors may be invited to observe but should participate only if explicitly asked.

Respect local resources by minimizing waste, using reusable water bottles, and supporting local artisans by purchasing handmade crafts.

Meals are often communal, with everyone eating from a shared dish. Use your right hand to eat, as the left is considered unclean. It's polite to leave a little food on your plate to show you are satisfied.

Yes, most nationalities require a visa for South Sudan. Apply in advance at an embassy or obtain on arrival at Juba airport for $100-150.

Solo travel is possible but not recommended due to limited infrastructure and safety concerns. A local guide is advised.

South Sudanese Pound (SSP). US dollars are widely accepted for larger transactions. Carry small denominations.

No ATMs. Bring enough cash from Juba. Credit cards are not accepted.

English and Arabic are official, but local languages like Bari and Dinka are common. Learning a few phrases helps.

No, tap water is unsafe. Drink bottled or purified water only.

Lightweight, long-sleeved clothing, sturdy hiking boots, insect repellent, sunscreen, a hat, and a reusable water bottle with filter.

Limited but available in town. MTN and Zain provide 3G/4G in some areas. Buy a local SIM in Juba.