Tombouctou

Yes, haggling is expected in markets, but do so respectfully and with a smile.

Cover your shoulders and legs; women should also cover their hair.

Try 'tô' (millet porridge) with peanut sauce or 'mafé' (meat stew).

Yes, but some sites may require a permit or fee. Always ask before photographing people.

Greetings are lengthy and involve asking about family and health. A handshake is common, followed by touching the heart.

Buy directly from cooperatives or markets to ensure fair compensation.

Use reusable water bottles, avoid plastic, and support community-based tourism initiatives.

Tea is served in three rounds, each with a different flavor and symbolism (bitter, sweet, and mild).

No, always go with a reputable guide due to the harsh terrain and security risks.

Accept graciously, remove shoes before entering, and bring a small gift like fruit or tea.

Yes, most nationalities need a visa for Mali. Obtain in advance from a Malian embassy.

Security is extremely volatile. Check your government's travel advisory; many advise against all travel.

French is official; Songhai, Tamasheq, and Arabic are common. English is rarely spoken.

West African CFA franc (XOF). Cash is king; ATMs are scarce and unreliable.

Non-Muslims can enter some mosques with permission, but dress modestly and remove shoes.

Fly from Bamako to Timbuktu Airport (TOM) or take a 4x4 via Mopti (2-3 days). River transport is seasonal.

Lightweight long clothing, sun hat, sunscreen, sturdy shoes, insect repellent, water purification tablets, and a headlamp.