Cairo

Always ask for permission before photographing people, especially women and children. Some may expect a small tip.

Politely but firmly say 'la shukran' (no thank you) and keep walking. Avoid prolonged eye contact if uninterested.

It's common to share dishes family-style. Leaving a little food on your plate signals you're satisfied. Always use your right hand for eating.

Cross with groups of locals when possible. Make eye contact with drivers and move confidently but cautiously. Underground crossings exist near major intersections.

Remove shoes before entering. Women should cover their hair, arms, and legs. Non-Muslims may not enter during prayer times.

Buy a combined ticket for Giza Plateau sites. Student discounts (with ID) are widely available. Visit mosques and markets which are free to enter.

Attend a traditional 'moulid' (saint's festival) or visit El Dammah Theater for authentic performances. Some Nile dinner cruises feature folkloric shows.

Opt for loose, breathable clothing that covers shoulders and knees. Lightweight scarves are versatile for sun protection and modesty.

Refill water bottles at hotels instead of buying plastic. Support local artisans directly. Use public transport or walking tours to reduce emissions.

The 'tsk' sound means 'wait' or 'hold on'. Beckoning is done with palm down. Showing soles of feet is considered rude.

Most nationalities need a visa; e-visa available online or on arrival for $25.

Yes, but be cautious, especially at night. Solo women may face harassment.

Egyptian Pound (EGP). Cash is king; ATMs are common.

Yes, but only in licensed bars, hotels, and restaurants. Public drinking is illegal.

Arabic. English is common in tourist areas.

Yes, widely used and safer than taxis.

Light, modest clothing. A scarf for mosques is essential.

Pyramids entry ~$10; museums ~$5-10. Student discounts available.