In Bogotá, use the TransMilenio bus rapid transit system and integrated SITP buses for efficient city travel. Ride-hailing apps like Didi and Cabify are prevalent and safer than hailing taxis. For intercity travel, comfortable inter-municipal buses connect Bogotá's main terminals (Portal del Norte, Sur, etc.) to all major towns in Cundinamarca. Renting a car is an option for flexibility to explore rural areas, but be prepared for challenging traffic in Bogotá and mountainous roads. In towns like Villa de Leyva, most attractions are within walking distance. Tourist buses and guided tours are readily available for major attractions like the Salt Cathedral.
December to March and July to August are the driest months, offering the best weather for exploring cities and hiking. The average temperature in Bogotá is a cool 14°C (57°F) year-round. The rainy seasons (April-May, September-November) have frequent afternoon showers but can be a good time to visit with fewer crowds. Key festivals include the Bogotá International Book Fair (April), the Festival of the Flowers in nearby Medellín (August), and Christmas lights and celebrations throughout December.
Colombians in Cundinamarca are generally warm and polite. A handshake is a common greeting, with a cheek kiss among acquaintances. Dress is relatively conservative; avoid overly revealing clothing when visiting small towns or churches. Punctuality is flexible for social events. Tipping is not mandatory but appreciated: 10% in restaurants if service isn't included, small change for taxi drivers (rounding up), and a few thousand pesos for hotel porters and tour guides. Always use "usted" (formal 'you') initially when addressing someone. Try local specialties like ajiaco, tamal, and chocolate santafereño.
Exercise normal precautions in tourist areas of Bogotá (La Candelaria, Zona T, Parque 93) and major towns like Villa de Leyva and Zipaquirá. Be vigilant for pickpocketing and bag-snatching, especially in crowded areas and on public transport. Avoid displaying valuables. Use registered taxis or ride-hailing apps (Didi, Uber) rather than hailing on the street, especially at night. It is advisable to avoid certain southern neighborhoods of Bogotá after dark. When hiking in natural parks like Chingaza, go with a guide and register your route. Scams involving fake police or distraction techniques can occur; always ask for official identification.
Medical facilities in Bogotá are excellent, with modern hospitals and clinics. In smaller towns, services are more basic. Travelers should have comprehensive travel insurance. Recommended vaccinations include Hepatitis A, Typhoid, and routine vaccines. Altitude sickness can be a concern in Bogotá (2,640m) and higher areas—acclimate slowly, stay hydrated, and avoid heavy exertion upon arrival. Use bottled water outside major cities. Dengue fever is present in some lower-altitude areas; use insect repellent. Pharmacies ("droguerías") are widely available.
