Yes, modest attire is required—shoulders and knees must be covered. Enforcement is strict, especially at St. Peter's Basilica and the Sistine Chapel, where guards may deny entry.

No, food and drinks are not allowed inside Vatican museums or religious sites. Small water bottles are sometimes permitted but check signage or ask staff.

Flash photography and tripods are prohibited in the Sistine Chapel. Silence is also enforced, so avoid loud camera noises or phone alerts.

Book tickets online in advance, or arrive early (before 8 AM) or late (after 2 PM). Guided tours often include skip-the-line access.

Italians eat late—lunch is around 1-2 PM, and dinner after 8 PM. Avoid eating near major tourist sites; walk a few blocks for better quality and prices.

Observe silence in churches, avoid interrupting Mass or prayer, and refrain from taking selfies during religious ceremonies.

The nearest metro stop is Ottaviano (Line A), but be prepared for a 10-minute walk. Taxis cannot enter St. Peter's Square, so plan drop-off points accordingly.

The annual Epiphany Mass on January 6 features a procession with elaborate costumes and is less crowded than Easter or Christmas events.

Use reusable water bottles (refill at fountains), avoid single-use plastics, and respect the environment by not littering in sacred spaces.

Public displays of affection are frowned upon in religious areas, and smoking is prohibited in most public spaces within Vatican City.

Try 'Supplì,' a Roman fried rice ball, or 'Tonnarelli Cacio e Pepe,' a classic Roman pasta dish, at nearby trattorias.

Address clergy as 'Father' or 'Your Excellency,' and avoid interrupting conversations. A simple 'Buongiorno' (good day) is a polite greeting.