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While Portuguese is the official language, many in tourism speak basic English, especially in hotels and restaurants. Learning a few phrases is appreciated.

Modern areas are accessible, but historic centers with cobblestone streets and old buildings present challenges. Some museums and hotels have adaptations.

Queijo Serra da Estrela—a soft sheep's milk cheese with Protected Designation of Origin status, best tasted from November to March.

Yes, the Spanish border is approximately 50km east with crossing points at Vilar Formoso. Valid passport required for non-EU citizens.

Yes in cities and tourist areas, but carry cash for rural villages, small shops, and markets. ATMs are available throughout the district.

Varies by nationality. EU citizens need no visa. Others should check with the Portuguese consulate.

Euro (€).

In tourist areas and among younger people, yes. In rural areas, Portuguese is dominant.

Yes, tap water is safe and drinkable.

By train from Lisbon (about 3.5 hours) or Porto (about 2.5 hours). By car via A25 motorway.

Yes, it is generally very safe, but standard precautions apply.

Layers, comfortable walking shoes, rain jacket, and in winter, warm clothing and snow boots.

Queijo da Serra cheese, roasted lamb, chestnuts, and Ginjinha liqueur.

Yes, at Praça Luís de Camões, near the cathedral.