Iraq

Refusing food or drink can be seen as impolite; it's best to accept at least a small portion to show respect for the host's hospitality.

Dress modestly, covering shoulders and knees, and women should carry a scarf to cover their hair when entering mosques or shrines.

Avoid showing the soles of your feet or using your left hand to give or receive items, as these are considered disrespectful.

Tipping is not mandatory but appreciated; rounding up the bill or leaving 5-10% is a kind gesture.

Always ask for permission before photographing people, and avoid taking photos of military or government buildings, as it may lead to trouble.

Shared taxis (called 'service') are common and affordable, but agree on the fare beforehand, as meters are rarely used.

Visit during Arbaeen (40 days after Ashura) to witness the massive pilgrimage to Karbala, but be prepared for large crowds and heightened security.

Try 'Masgouf,' a traditional grilled fish dish from the Tigris River, often served with flatbread and fresh herbs.

Purchase handmade crafts like carpets or pottery from local markets, and avoid mass-produced souvenirs to support traditional artisans.

Haggling is expected in markets, but do so politely and with a smile; start by offering half the asking price and negotiate from there.

Use a formal greeting like 'As-salamu alaykum' (peace be upon you) and wait for the other person to initiate a handshake, especially with someone of the opposite gender.

Alcohol is legal but frowned upon in many areas; it's best to avoid drinking in public or in conservative regions to respect local sensibilities.

Yes, most travelers need a visa. E-visa or visa on arrival available for some.

It's high-risk; only travel with experienced guides and avoid conflict zones.

Iraqi Dinar (IQD). Cash is king; credit cards limited.

No, stick to bottled water.

Arabic and Kurdish (Sorani). English spoken in tourist areas.

Essential, with evacuation coverage due to risks.

Modest clothing; women cover hair in mosques.

Yes, but respect rules; non-Muslims may be restricted in some holy cities.

Legal in Kurdistan; restricted in other areas.

Domestic flights and private drivers for safety.

Limited in cities; carry cash.

Avoid military sites and ask permission for people.