Long-distance travel is best by domestic flights or trains connecting major cities like Urumqi, Kashgar, and Yining. The region is vast, so flights save significant time. Within cities, taxis are affordable and plentiful; use metered taxis or negotiate a fare beforehand. Ride-hailing apps like DiDi (the Chinese equivalent of Uber) work well in Urumqi. Public buses serve urban areas. For greater flexibility, especially to reach remote scenic spots, renting a car with a driver is highly recommended, as self-driving requires navigating checkpoints and permits. High-speed rail now connects Urumqi to Hami and other eastern cities. For the authentic experience, try a long-distance bus journey through stunning landscapes.
Late spring (May to June) and early autumn (September to October) are ideal. During these periods, temperatures are mild and comfortable across most regions, perfect for exploring deserts and mountains. Summer (July-August) can be extremely hot in Turpan and the deserts, but pleasant in the northern grasslands and mountains like Kanas. Winter is harsh and very cold, but offers unique experiences like winter festivals. The grape harvest in Turpan around August-September is a festive time.
Xinjiang is predominantly Muslim, so dress modestly, especially when visiting mosques or rural areas (cover shoulders and knees). Remove shoes before entering homes or certain religious sites. The Uyghur culture is warm and hospitable; it is polite to accept offered tea or food. Handshakes are common, but some conservative Muslims may avoid physical contact with the opposite sex. Tipping is not a traditional practice but is becoming more common in tourist-oriented restaurants and for tour guides. During the Islamic month of Ramadan, be discreet about eating, drinking, or smoking in public during daylight hours in Muslim communities. Always use your right hand for eating and handing items.
Xinjiang has a significant security presence. Always carry your passport, as ID checks are common. Follow local laws and regulations strictly. Avoid discussing sensitive political or religious topics. Petty crime like pickpocketing can occur in crowded markets; secure your belongings. Scams are rare but be cautious with unofficial tour guides or inflated prices for tourists. Travel to remote border areas often requires special permits; always check current regulations. While most areas are safe for tourists, it is advisable to stay informed of travel advisories from your government and register with your embassy. Exercise normal precautions at night.
Medical facilities in major cities like Urumqi are adequate for basic care, but serious conditions may require evacuation. Carry a comprehensive travel health insurance. Common concerns include altitude sickness in mountainous areas (e.g., Pamir Plateau), extreme temperatures leading to dehydration or sunstroke, and potential for traveler's diarrhea. Ensure routine vaccinations are up-to-date (MMR, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, etc.). Hepatitis A and Typhoid vaccinations are recommended. Tap water is not safe to drink; consume only bottled or boiled water. Bring any prescription medications in their original containers. Hospitals in Urumqi include the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University.
